The party made detailed records about those whom they encountered in their travels, thus providing the first written record of Oregon's Indigenous population. Although other European and American sailors had traveled up and down the coast and made some contact with the Indigenous peoples who dwelt there, the Lewis and Clark party marked the first time that white Americans had lived among the Oregon tribes. The Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1804 to 1806 traversed the Columbia River, which divides today's states of Oregon and Washington. It is therefore necessary to make use of visitor accounts and the records and press of frequently hostile and poorly comprehending outsiders to reconstruct the story of the region's Indigenous peoples. No Native American group in the state of Oregon maintained a written language prior to the arrival of European Americans, nor for a considerable period thereafter. History Explorers, fur traders, and Indigenous peoples Region occupied by indigenous peoples speaking various Chinookan dialects at the time of the Lewis and Clark Expedition Six of the nine tribes gained federal recognition in the late 20th century, after undergoing the termination and restoration of their treaty rights starting in the 1950s. While the state of Oregon currently maintains relations with nine federally recognized tribal groups, the state was previously home to a much larger number of autonomous tribal groups, which today either no longer exist or have been absorbed into these larger confederated entities. Ruth has retired from the UW and is currently living in Seattle.The Native American peoples of Oregon are the set of Indigenous peoples who have inhabited or who still inhabit the area delineated in today's state of Oregon in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. For further reading about dating the 1700 Cascadia earthquake and Native American stories, please go to Dating the 1700 Cascadia Earthquake and Native Lore Tells the Tale.Īcknowledgement: Former PNSN Research Scientist Ruth Ludwin spent years studying stories and artwork of Pacific Northwest Tribes and is the original author of the vast majority of materials presented in this chapter. These stories are common among the native people in the Pacific Northwest. Native traditions tell of shaking and flooding along the Cascadia coast and estimate the date of the last earthquake by using stories that count the number of generations since its occurrence. Pacific Northwest Indian tales and legends related to the 1700 megathrust earthquake and found a set of related stories that, taken together, indicate that strong shaking was felt over a wide area and accompanied by severe coastal flooding. This research renewed interest in understanding how these events may have impacted the many thousands of Native Americans living here. Over the past 3,500 years these great earthquakes (~M9) have reoccurred 7 times with a average interval of 550 years though 4 of the events reoccurred between 200 and 400 years after the previous great quake. The amazing specificity of date and time came through collaborations with Japanese scientists and historians who helped identify the Cascadia Subduction Zone as the source of a deadly “ orphan tsunami” that flooded areas on the coast of Japan the following day. Further work in the 1980s and 1990s refined our understanding of the great earthquake that occurred on Januat about 9 PM PST. In the 1990s, PNSN Research Scientist Ruth Ludwin began collecting and organizing other Native American stories and traditions that seem to be related to earthquakes and their effects on the people of Cascadia before westerners arrived.īrian Atwater, David Yamaguchi and others produced detailed evidence of abrupt land level changes and tsunami inundation along the coast of Washington state in the winter of 1699-1700. Heaton followed this paper up with a paper about PNW Native American stories that inferred their people were impacted by tsunamis in the not too distant past. ![]() Tom Heaton and Hiroo Kanamori published a paper asserting the Cascadia Subduction Zone was indeed actively deforming and is likely to produce great earthquakes. The 1980s was a decade of discovery of evidence for great earthquakes in the Cascadia Region. ![]() ![]() Although scientific recognition of the earthquake hazards presented by the Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) is relatively recent, Native Americans have lived on the Cascadia coast for thousands of years, transferring knowledge from generation to generation through storytelling (Ludwin et al., 2005)
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